by Sylvain Laforest

Even though a vast majority of the population admits the saying that history is written by those who win the wars, most are unwilling to question its core and rather choose to accept that what they’re being told by their government controlled education and mainstream media reflects reality.

We have to keep in mind that our knowledge of the Second World War was mostly redacted by American and Western historians that carried over time a deeply fake idea of reality. In an ironic way, this makes of history a very interesting and lively subject today, since this overall incomprehension of WW2 allows a researcher to solve in July 2018 an event like the parachuting of Rudolf Hess in England on May 10th 1941, which has remained an event shrouded in mystery for 77 years.

Its complexity and huge historical ramifications make it the most interesting enigma that we have left from the worst war that the world has ever known. If the event didn’t hide vital information, the British government would’ve revealed a long time ago its classified documents on the matter. For Hess’ landing in England isn’t a simple war spy flick, it’s actually at the heart of the shaping of our world. And Rudolf knew it.

Upon his initial arrest, the Nazi first claimed that his name was Alfred Horn, then after his transfer in the hands of the British military, he finally revealed his real name and added: “I have come to save humanity.”

Rudolf Hess with Adolf Hitler

What actually happened?

By 1941, Rudolf Hess had just been ranked by Hitler as the Number Three in the Third Reich hierarchy and bore the title of Deputy Fuhrer. Hess had been amongst the first to embrace Hitler to lead the Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei; he had participated in the 1924 failed Munich Putsch that sent him along with his beloved leader in the Landsberg prison, where they wrote Mein Kampf together, or Hitler’s guidebook for the future of Germany and the rest of Europe.


He was arguably the most devoted and loyal friend Hitler ever had. Hence, the parachuting of this very high ranked Nazi in England in the midst of WW2 is not to be taken lightly under any circumstance. Hess had to carry a message of the outmost importance that could not be transmitted over a telephone line, a telegram, or any other form of communication that could be intercepted by intelligence agencies that were all on full alert 24/7 all over Europe in 1941.

“Official” history had to create a well-crafted narrative to hide the real purpose of this mission. So, it says that Rudolf Hess got a Messerschmitt Bf 110, learned to pilot the plane in a few weeks, then flew to England by himself, was able to escape most radars by flying at a very low altitude towards Scotland, but then was spotted by the DCA in Scotland and jumped off his plane wearing a parachute and was later arrested by the British police. Some have disputed this version of the flight, saying that Hess was not in command of the plane that parachuted him, and even that the plane had been escorted by the Royal Air Force in the last stage of the flight since Hess was expected by a few insiders.

Whatever the truth is on this first Act, fact is that he landed with a sore ankle on Scottish soil on May 10th 1941. This is where the plot thickens, since hereafter, every ally authority at the time judged that the essence of his mission was not to be revealed to the public. In fact, had he not landed on a farm 10 miles from his intended target on the Duke of Hamilton estate, we would have never heard of the story.

Many historians and journalists have leaned over the table as if facing a jigsaw puzzle, trying to fit the pieces to make some sense of the crazy Hess trip to England. If you’re amongst the few people still interested in history and you’re looking for some information on the matter, Wikipedia and multiple other mainstream narratives loosely reflect what we learn in schools. One explanation simply says that Hess had suddenly gone mad and tried to escape the fate of Germany on a solo flight. Others claim that Hess sought to win Hitler’s favors back by negotiating a truce with England on his own initiative.

There is also the wild theory that Hess was trying to use the British monarchy to oust Churchill of power. Different theories will range all the way to the most popular version of an official mission under the order of Hitler that needed to negotiate peace with England before he attacked the Soviet Union, which would come the next month on June 22nd 1941. In almost every theory, historians agree that Hess had chosen to meet the Duke of Hamilton, an influential member of the Anglo-German Fellowship Association, since there is overwhelming evidence that the Royal Family was in favor of the Nazis and wanted peace with Germany, as opposed to Churchill who posed as the great Nazi slayer. Most of the theories will end by saying that neither the Duke of Hamilton, nor Churchill, nor anyone holding a high-profile position accepted to meet Hess, before he was sent in prison after saying what he had to say. And whatever that was, Hess had forgotten about it by the time he was prosecuted in Nuremberg after the war, since timely amnesia got ahold of his suddenly failing brain.

If any of the aforementioned theories held any truth, Hess would have never suffered amnesia since they all bear their good share of political correctness and the British government would have no reason to keep the Hess files secret. Any of these versions could have been released to the public, since they became over time different explanations of the Hess journey in our history books. But the roots of most theories hold no logical ground and don’t even make sense, since it was Germany that was attacking England and not the other way around.

Therefore, if Hess was really looking for a truce, he only needed to talk to Hitler. And if Adolf himself wanted peace with England, he just had to do nothing at all. And if he really thought that he needed to settle this front before marching toward the East, he certainly didn’t have to do it through such a risky mission.

That sudden Nuremberg amnesia might be the reason why Rudolf died at 93 eating daily steaks and lobsters, gardening flowers and watching TV in the golden and comfortable Spandau prison in Germany, instead of sharing the fate of most of his fellow Nazis whose lives ended at the end of a rope at the conclusion of the Nuremberg trials in 1946. Here again, the cloud of mystery around Hess has created an aura of doubt upon his official death by suicide that many swear was the murder of an invalid elder that knew too much and was ready to confess.

Well, the truth about Hess in England is so much more interesting than anything mentioned above and is a master key to the full understanding of the stakes and objectives of WW2, which is why it was always hidden under the murky shadows of a historical enigma. And his mission was so important that we can now fully appreciate why such a high-ranking Nazi official was ordered to execute it.

Historical speculation

To confront the spectrum of narratives that our official history offers, especially in the case of an event that took place 77 years ago, independent researchers have to mostly rely on logical speculation, because of the lack of access to precious documentation that is kept confidential in locked vaults, usually for national security reasons. In the case of the Rudolf Hess trip to England, everything has been up to speculation, since no official reason or explanation was ever given by the British authorities. Every theory that has become mainstream and accepted over time is threaded over pure speculation and has absolutely nothing to substantiate it. Some were articles written by journalists at the time who claimed they had insider information that could never be verified, while other explanations were backed by simple made-up and fake information.

The example of an alleged letter written by Hess that he had left for Hitler, saying that he was making this trip on his own will, has to be ranked with the rest of the propaganda. A 28-page report was discovered by Matthias Uhl of the German Historical Institute Moscow in the State Archive of the Russian Federation. The document was written in February 1948 by Hess’ adjutant Karlheinz Pintsch, whom eye-witnessed Hitler’s reaction when he learned that the Deputy Führer had parachuted in England. According to Pintsch, Hitler was not the least surprised, nor angry, and had full knowledge of the plan (1). Thus, a whole range of theories can be brushed away, since Hitler obviously had ordered the mission himself. Those theories only hold ground when facts are disregarded, which is often how mainstream media works.

We have to accept that only one theory is right, but also that this theory won’t have much hard evidence to back it up until classified documents are released to the public. Therefore, the objective is to find the most likely. We have to rely on logical analysis, but above everything, circumstantial evidence might shed a magical ray of light and reveal the truth. I will apply this system on:

(A) The importance of Hess in the hierarchy and the will to keep his mission secret to the rest of the world.

(B) The timetable of the events of WW2: what happened before and after, and the impact that the mission had over the behavior changes of different nations.

I have come to a definitive conclusion that has never been verbalized before. In fact, no one was even close to the truth. But it’s the only one that stands the scrutiny of cross-examination of circumstances. At the base, the initiative of a secret underground mission outside official channels of communication, for such an important Nazi, raises a most crucial question: why was Germany trying to hide this meeting from the rest of the world? 

1918, Belgium — Original caption: Pursuit Aviator Lieutenant Hess in his plane, 1918, at the Western Front near Charleroi. — Image by © Bettmann/CORBIS

The context

A little context is mandatory to perfectly define the message that Rudolf was carrying. The outstanding works of researchers such as Anthony Sutton (2) and Charles Higham (3) are critical in our understanding of the real historical context surrounding the creation of the Nazi war machine. When in 1933 Hitler accessed to the Chancellery in the Reichstag, Germany was in financial limbo.

Worst, the nation was in the gutters of limbs. It owed tens of billions in reparations for WW1, and its inability to comply had provoked a gargantuan-scale inflation crisis on the mark in 1923 that cut the currency to 1/500 billionth of its original value. To make matters worse, the country suffered along everyone the world Crash of 1929.

So how in the world was Germany able to eradicate unemployment and create the most formidable military machine the world had ever seen in just 6 years? Over achievement is under rated when it comes to explain the German Miracle of the ’30s.

The first tool that is required in our investigator’s toolbox is to admit the very documented fact that the Bank of England, controlled by the Rothschild family, had been involved in the financing of the Nazis. It had become a common procedure for the rich European banking family to fund enemies as well as allies, in order to make profits from both sides of wars since Napoleon.

The self-proclaimed French Emperor of the early 19th century had been hired as a proxy by Rothschild who wanted to impose his private central banks in the conquered countries. So, the heirs of the Rothschild family saw in Hitler their next Napoleon, who would submit rival colonial empires like Belgium, the Netherlands and France, as well as destroying the mighty USSR, in order to singlehandedly take the reins of the New World Order, which is simply the economical and political ruling of the whole planet by a handful of bankers (4). Even though the New World Order sounds like a supercharged conspiracy theory, it’s an indisputable and quite simple concept.

Even if the infamous banking family helped the Führer, the bulk of the money that flooded Germany between 1933 and 1939 didn’t come from England, but mainly from the United States of America. Not the American government per se, but more specifically American bankers and industries. Through white-washing money schemes, through the newly founded Bank of International Settlements and through joint venture investments in Germany with their companies such as Standard Oil, GM, Ford, ITT, General Electric or IBM; Rockefeller, Morgan, Harriman, DuPont, Ford and a few other billionaires were mainly responsible for what is known as the German Miracle, that now looks more like an American Dream.

Thanks to British and American investments, Nazi Germany went from the poorest country in Europe to the second world economy. Even though education won’t tell you anything about it, the overwhelming help that Hitler got from the West is never disputed because it was exposed in numerous US inquiries, senatorial committees and court cases based on the Trading with the enemy Act adjusted by President Roosevelt in 1933, but the verdicts always came after the usual “we didn’t know what Hitler was going to do next” explanation. As if Mein Kampf, published in 1925, hadn’t been clear enough on the matter.

The War

Things looked fine for England at the start. Hitler quickly filled the mandate he had on top of his agenda by invading the colonial trio of Netherlands-Belgium-France in a month and a half. The complicity of the British Army is appalling in the lightening speed success of the Wehrmacht. The four “allied” countries had together 149 divisions, or 2 900 000 men, while the Wehrmacht had 2 750 000 men split in 137 divisions. Allied countries had more canons, more tanks, more ammunition, yet France, a country of 70 million people, gave up in one month!

History tried to explain this lame defeat by the unstoppable German blitzkrieg, but this blitz was advancing at 15 kms/hour, when it was moving at all. One would think that there was plenty of time to aim at this jogging pace. Russian historian Nikolay Starikov (5) has looked thoroughly over what happened on the ground to find some plausible clues to the quick defeat of France in June 1940, which can be summed up very simply: Churchill betrayed France, as clear as crystal, by purposely failing the French General Weygan’s plan of defense. This grand treason is also circumstantial evidence of what self-proclaimed virtuous nations can do to each other that extends to the destruction of an ally for your own benefit. But Hitler was yet to reward Churchill for his great help in the conquest of France, so he turned a blind eye on the evacuation of the British army in Dunkirk that history explains as a “strategic blunder” from Hitler. Reality does explain rather mysterious events of the war that only find dubious explanations in our books; another unexplainable event was the vicious attack of the British Navy on France’s fleet in July 1940, presumably to avoid that the ships fall in German hands. It turns out that it was another very positive step in order to complete the destruction of the French colonial empire, as were the operations by Rothschild-funded Japan that were ousting the French from Indochina at the same time. From the British point-of-view, the Wehrmacht pit-bull would next leave France and jump at the throat of USSR.

Against Churchill’s expectations, the next few months were devoted to the Battle of Britain that started by a German invasion of the Channel Islands, from where German planes could start bombing England. Churchill was evil, but he wasn’t so stupid as to not understand that Hitler had stopped working for England. Whatever the deal was, the RAF defense definitely slowed down any advantage that the Luftwaffe could gain over the British skies and after the horrendous mutual bombings of London and Berlin, Germany decided on October 12th 1940 to postpone its operation Sea Lion designed to invade England with ground troops. It looked like Germany and England were in a stalemate by the winter of 1940-1941.

If you’re acquainted with the official history, you would think that Hitler’s attack on great American allies such as France and England would have motivated the USA to enter the war at once, but no. Not at all. President Roosevelt even declared on October 30th 1940 that “his boys wouldn’t go to war”. This policy would extend until the spring of 1941, and not a single move, decision or sanction was undertaken by the US government that really looked like it had decided to never get involved in WW2.

The theater of war moved into North Africa and the Middle East for the winter, where people could kill and maim each other under more pleasant and milder climate. With the melting of ice and snow in the spring of 1941, Hitler was facing two options: launch Sea Lion and invade England, or leave the West in peace and launch Barbarossa against the Soviet Union.

Both were major operations that couldn’t be sustained by Germany at once, and Hitler had to make a choice. He also knew that the invasion of England would’ve mortally crippled the Rothschild family’s influence on the planet and paved the way for Wall Street to rule the world at will.

Well folks, that’s precisely when Rudolf Hess was parachuted in England on May 10th 1941. Without any form of speculation, it now appears very clearly that Hitler didn’t want to take this mighty decision alone, and that he didn’t want the rest of the world to know about his dilemma.

Allied military and locals pose with the remains of Rudolph Hess’ Messerschmitt ME-110 after it crash-landed near the Scottish village of Eaglesham

The Proposal

According to an article published in May 1943 by the magazine American Mercury (6), here is what the Führer proposed to England through Rudolf Hess:

Hitler offered total cessation of the war in the West. Germany would evacuate all of France except Alsace and Lorraine, which would remain German. It would evacuate Holland and Belgium, retaining Luxembourg. It would evacuate Norway and Denmark. In short, Hitler offered to withdraw from Western Europe, except for the two French provinces and Luxembourg [Luxembourg was never a French province, but an independent state of ethnically German origin], in return for which Great Britain would agree to assume an attitude of benevolent neutrality towards Germany as it unfolded its plans in Eastern Europe.

In addition, the Führer was ready to withdraw from Yugoslavia and Greece. German troops would be evacuated from the Mediterranean generally and Hitler would use his good offices to arrange a settlement of the Mediterranean conflict between Britain and Italy. No belligerent or neutral country would be entitled to demand reparations from any other country, he specified.

Basically, Hitler wanted to be a partner in a British-led New World Order by taking care of Eastern Europe. He even spoke in front of the Reichstag about the option of peace with England. The American Mercury article concluded that these very likely terms offered by Hitler to be implemented on the spot were swiftly rejected by Churchill since none of the conditions ever happened, but in reality, they were terms to be applied after the war, after the destruction of the USSR by Germany. But the Red Army had other future plans, of course.

There is no doubt that we are now deep into speculation about whatever proposal Hess made to England, but in reality, this wasn’t the main point of his mission. And independently of the exact terms that were discussed, what was to happen next dissipates any cloud of mystery, be it thin or thick.

The unpleasant reality

In a secret meeting on August 14 1940 on the USS Augusta, Churchill asked Roosevelt to join the war, but the American President categorically refused to discuss this topic. In fact, no meaningful step had been taken by the USA that could have led to its entry in WW2, except that the American President had stepped up the preparation of the Army, which couldn’t affect the invasion of England, be it on mid-September 1940 as originally planned, or in the spring of 1941.

Thus, the timetable of WW2 becomes loaded with circumstantial evidence that demonstrates the genuine mission that Hess carried in England. Roosevelt, whom had officially promised to never get involved in WW2 just a few months earlier changed his foreign policy overnight, like Doctor Jekyll turns into Mister Hyde, within days after Hess set a sore foot on Scottish soil.

  • June 14 – 34 days after Hess: All German and Italian assets in the United States are frozen.
  • June 16 – 36 days after Hess: All German and Italian consulates in the United States are ordered closed and their staffs are to leave the country by July 10.

What do you think could have triggered such a strong US reaction against Germany between May 10th and June 14th? Well, on May 21st (11 days after Hess), there also was the sinking of US merchantman SS Robin Moor by a German U-Boat, which might be the most underrated false flag in the Motherland of false flags, since the last thing Germany wanted was to start sinking the merchant boats of their main funders.

As in every proven false flag operations, strange details surround this first sinking of a US ship in WW2: the merchant ship was left without a Navy escort; the U-Boat commander had the detailed list of the content aboard the Robin Moor; he had the boat evacuated before he torpedoed it; many witnesses and passengers were forbidden to talk about the incident. The event startled the whole country, and President Roosevelt announced an “unlimited national emergency.”

  • June 22 : Germany launches Operation Barbarossa against the Soviet Union.
  • June 26: In response to the Japanese occupation of French Indochina, President Roosevelt orders the seizure of all Japanese assets in the United States.
  • August 1: The US announces an oil embargo against Japan, because of its occupation of Saigon in Vietnam.

And so on, and so on. The USA first were angry at Germany, then set a motion of sanctions and decisions that poked Japan until it bombarded Pearl Harbor just 7 months later. Even though the US entered WW2 on December 1941, it only fought Japan for 10 long months and let the Nazis achieve a maximum of destruction to the USSR, before both countries actually clashed in North Africa in November 1942. Curiously, that was just a few weeks after everyone had realized that the Red Army would destroy the 6th Army in Stalingrad, which was the beginning of the end of the Third Reich that only had 2 years left.

Historical hard facts bring speculation down to this: since nothing else happened in May 1941, was it the parachuting of Hess in England or the sinking of an evacuated merchantman ship that really triggered the sudden and radical turnaround of policy toward the war by the USA?

If you choose the bizarre sinking of the Robin Moor, you also have to believe that this was a better reason to enter the war for Americans than the destruction of their closest European allies by Nazis that triggered next to nothing by the fall of 1940. How could anyone justify that there was such a sudden urgency to join the war in the spring of 1941, now that Germany had left the West alone and turned toward the Soviet Union? Indeed, the Hess mission brings an undeniable moment of clarity about WW2.

Rather than a great mystery, the parachuting of Hess is much more an explanation about the historical reality that transpires in the most obvious way, thanks to the 180 degrees change of behavior by the US about its involvement in the war after the event.

Soldiers and policemen in Eaglesham inspect wreckage of Messerschmitt ME-110 in which Nazi leader Rudolf Hess made solo flight to Scotland – May 1941.

Because History was written by those who won the war, what it will fail to explain, or even mention, is that England and the USA had totally different reasons for the funding of Adolf’s diabolical plans. While England wanted Germany to crush every other minor colonial empire to consolidate its own, destroy the dangerous Soviet Union and also deport every European Jew to Palestine to create Israel to finally implement the 1917 Balfour resolution, the objectives of the American banks were not exactly the same as those of the Bank of England.

As a matter of fact, one of them was diametrically opposed: they had financed Hitler to crush the British Colonial Empire, and completely take over the role of the hegemonic leaders of the New World Order. Reduced to a much simpler formula, Wall Street sought to replace the Rothschild. By invading England and especially the City of London, a tiny part of the capital that works as an independent state, Hitler would’ve destroyed the Rothschild empire. The City of London was the world’s financial power center and wealthiest square mile on the planet that hosts the Bank of England, the Lloyd’s of London, the London stock exchange, and every other British bank (7). Everything points to the fact that American bankers and industrials had armed Hitler to the teeth to give a deathblow straight in the heart of the British Empire financial system.

Against all we were taught in school, WW2 is in its essence a triangle of treasons between the great Anglo-Saxon allies in their quest of the world economical and political dominance, and their German proxy. Since history has a tendency to repeat itself, the war in Syria is a carbon-copy replica of WW2, with Daesh playing the Nazis, and the same Western coalition that had to put their boots on the ground when its proxy army began to fail against, once more, Russia.

Is this speculative? Any other version of history has to dismiss the meaning of hard facts that are available in every WW2 history book, but this version actually explains and links them all. Furthermore, stretch the logical analysis by asking yourself if the massive American funding of Germany was to help England in its quest for the world hegemony, or for self-benefit.

Ask yourself why American bankers would let a European family control the Federal Reserve, the businesses of money-creation and the exploitation of the world’s resources. Ask yourself if Hitler wasn’t the perfect opportunity to submit the British Empire for those who sought the control of the world. Now look at the end game: the American plan sure worked, as the outcome would be confirmed in 1944 with the Bretton-Woods agreement, when the world decided that the US dollar would replace the English pound as the international reserve and trading currency.

Rothschild hadn’t been completely eradicated as originally planned, but by conquering and liberating countries that were left with dozens of military bases, the US took over the New World Order. After a century and a half of a global Empire that stretched over 17,000,000 square miles or a third of the planet, England was suddenly reduced to an American vassal satellite in 1944. Remember how Roosevelt and Stalin were complicit in dividing the world at the Yalta Conference, while Churchill was left looking from the sidelines? Logical analysis and circumstantial evidence make this theory the most likely one about the Hess mission.

A very clear mission

The purpose of this trip finally makes perfect logical sense and to make believe that Hess never met Churchill or any other Rothschild representative in such an important moment is ludicrous. The Deputy Führer had parachuted to tell England what the American bankers expected from Germany, but also that Hitler was ready to betray his main funders at certain conditions.

The Führer was betting on the British Empire in the long term and believed that Germany should share a piece of the Empire, yet another misjudgment of the future since he also had claimed that the Third Reich would last a 1000 years.

Churchill agreed with Hess, since Germany attacked the Soviet Union the very next month. Had he refused, there was no need to parachute Goebbels in Boston, since the only other option for Germany was to invade England to fulfill its contract with its American funders, with the same hopes of sharing their version of the hegemony.

Germany and England continued to clash in the next few months, but it was mostly war for profits. Destroy cities, sink ships in the middle of the ocean, blow up tanks in the desert, nothing that couldn’t be rebuilt or re-bought, and especially nothing of real strategic importance. And again, things only got serious between them after Stalingrad, the military turning point of WW2.

In a world as normal and truthful that most of us like to imagine, peace between Germany and England would’ve been discussed in a third country, through an official meeting between the two governments. However, reality also explains the otherwise unexplainable fact that Germany wanted to keep the mission a total secret.

Because Hess landed on a remote farm in Scotland, the USA quickly realized that their first major proxy army, the Nazis, wasn’t working for them anymore and that if they hoped to lead the New World Order someday, they had to enter the war and get it themselves, fast.

It’s very clear why this mighty German dilemma, which was about to shape the world up to this day, couldn’t be discussed over a telephone line, nor written on a scroll that would carry a pigeon, and why every document about it was kept secret. Because it demonstrates how treasonous the leaders of these two moral defenders of human rights and democracy can be, even to each other. Revealing the documents would also expose their lies to keep everyone ignorant of the real history, because the unpleasant truth on the Hess mission basically changes our whole perception of the war, but even more, of our world.

Rudolf Hess at Nuremberg

Conclusion

When Hitler realized that everyone had found out about the mission, he panicked and he became the first one to declare that his old friend had gone mad and had escaped Germany. It took many years for Mrs Hess to see her husband again when she was allowed to visit him in Spandau for 30 minutes. When asked if her husband was crazy in a filmed interview, she replied: “By reading all the the letters he wrote to me over the years, I can tell you that if Rudolf is crazy, I am too.”

WW2 split the first and second parts of the original New World Order plan set in 1773 by Amshel Mayer Rothschild: the British Colonial Empire was replaced by the American Empire. Same plan of world domination, but the Rothschild family would now have to share it with a handful of Yankee Illuminatis.

When Rudolf Hess said that he had come to England to save humanity, might he have been talking about the lesser evil domination the British Empire and Germany would’ve kept over the world, compared to the totalitarian American Big Brother that is now our reality?


Sylvain first published La Déprogr@mmation in 2016 and this article is from his upcoming second book Wars and Lies at Progressive Press

END NOTES

(1) Document Suggests Hitler Knew of Hess’ British Flight Plans

(2011 – article in Speigel) Jan Friedmann and Klaus Wiegrefe

(2) Wall Street and the rise of Hitler (1976 – Arlington House publishers)

Anthony Sutton

(3) Trading with the enemy (1983 – Universe) Charles Higham

(*also read) The Nazi hydra in America (1999 – article) Glen Yeadon and John

Hawkins

(4) The Money Power (2012 – Progressive Press) featuring 1958 Pawns in the

Game by William Guy Carr and 1943 E .C. Knuth’s Empire of the City.

(5) Who signed death sentence for France in 1940? (2017 – article) Nikolai Starikov

(6) The Inside Story of the Hess Flight  (1982 – The Journal of Historical Review) Original article by American Mercury May 1943 edition

(7) Owners of Empire: the Vatican, the Crown and the District of Columbia – (2014 – article) Tabu

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